Practice point:  Pursuant to Debtor and Creditor Law § 276, a conveyance made and 
every obligation incurred with actual intent, as distinguished from 
intent presumed in law, to hinder, delay, or defraud either present or 
future creditors, is fraudulent as to both present and future 
creditors. As direct evidence of fraudulent intent is often 
elusive, courts will consider  badges of fraud, which are 
circumstances that accompany fraudulent transfers so commonly that their
 presence gives rise to an inference of intent.
Student note:  A plaintiff that successfully 
establishes actual intent to defraud is entitled to a reasonable 
attorney's fee under Debtor and Creditor Law § 276-a.
Case:  5706 Fifth Ave., LLC v. Louzieh, NY Slip Op 05187 (2d Dept. 2013). 
Here is the decision.
Monday's issue: Falling objects at the worksite.