At-will employment, termination, and fraudulent inducement claims.

Practice point:  An at-will employee who has been terminated cannot state a fraudulent inducement claim on the basis of having relied upon the employer's promise not to terminate the contract, or upon any representations of future intentions as to the duration or security of his employment.  However, where the employee alleges an injury that is separate and distinct from the termination of employment, there may be a cause of action sounding in fraudulent inducement. For the claim to be viable, the employee must allege not that his employer wrongly fired him, but that that he would not have taken the job in the first place if the true facts had been revealed to him.

Student note:  In any action to recover damages for fraud, a plaintiff must prove a misrepresentation or a material omission of fact which was false and known to be false by defendant, made for the purpose of inducing the other party to rely upon it, justifiable reliance of the other party on the misrepresentation or material omission, and injury.

Case:  Laduzinski v. Alvarez & Marsal Taxand LLC, NY Slip Op 06646 (1st Dept. 2015)

Here is the decision.

Tomorrow's issue:  Dismissal of a claim based on comity.

Summary judgment in a personal injury action.

Practice point:  The Appellate Division reversed the motion court and determined that plaintiff established his prima facie entitlement to judgment as a matter of law by submitting evidence demonstrating that, before entering the crosswalk and while crossing the street, he looked both ways for oncoming vehicles and that, with the pedestrian control and traffic control devices in his favor, defendant failed to yield the right-of-way. Plaintiff's evidence demonstrated that defendant violated Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1111(a)(1) and that plaintiff was not at comparative fault in the happening of the accident.  In opposition, the defendants submitted an affidavit which contradicted earlier deposition testimony, and merely raised what appear to be feigned issues of fact designed to avoid the consequences of the earlier testimony. Thus, the affidavit failed to raise a triable issue of fact and was insufficient to defeat plaintiff's motion.

 Student note:  In a personal injury action, to prevail on a motion for summary judgment on liability, a plaintiff has the burden of establishing, prima facie, not only that the defendant was negligent, but that the plaintiff was free from comparative fault, as there can be more than one proximate cause of an accident. Where a plaintiff has established prima facie entitlement to judgment as a matter of law, the opposing party may defeat the motion by submitting sufficient evidence to raise a triable issue of fact as to the plaintiff's comparative fault.

Case:  Zhu v. Natale, NY Slip Op 06586 (2d Dept. 2015)

Here is the decision.

Tomorrow's issue:  At-will employment, termination, and fraudulent inducement claims.

Leave to extend the time to serve process.

Practice point:  The Appellate Division reversed the motion court and denied that branch of plaintiff's motion for leave to extend the time within which to serve the summons and complaint.

Plaintiff's supporting affidavits failed to establish that she exercised reasonably diligent efforts in attempting to effect proper service of process upon the appellant and, thus, she failed to show good cause, as required by CPLR 306-b.  In addition, plaintiff failed to establish her entitlement to the extension in the interest of justice as she failed to demonstrate a potentially meritorious medical malpractice cause of action. Neither did plaintiff rebut defendant's assertion that he did not have notice of the action until nearly 11 months after the expiration of the statute of limitations, and the concomitant inference that he was substantially prejudiced by plaintiff's lengthy delay in seeking leave to extend time.

Student note:  Pursuant to the statute's terms, granting the motion requires a showing that there is good cause, or a determination that it is in the interest of justice.

Case:  Wilbyfont v. New York Presbyt. Hosp., NY Slip Op 06585 (2d Dept. 2015)

Here is the decision.

Monday's issue:  Summary judgment in a personal injury action.

CPLR 3215 and a motion for a default judgment.

Practice point:  The Appellate Division reversed the motion court and granted plaintiff's motion for leave to enter a judgment on the issue of liability upon defendant's failure to appear or answer the complaint.

Plaintiff, in support of the motion, demonstrated entitlement to judgment on the issue of liability by submitting proof of service of the summons and complaint, the facts constituting the claim, and defendant's default in answering or appearing.

In opposing, defendant failed to demonstrate a potentially meritorious defense.  Defendant submitted a proposed answer which was verified only by its attorney, and an affirmation from an attorney who did not have personal knowledge of the facts.

Student note:  To demonstrate entitlement to relief under CPLR 3215(a), plaintiff must submit proof of service of the summons and complaint, the facts constituting the claim demonstrating a viable cause of action, and the defendants' default in answering or appearing, pursuant to CPLR 3215[f]. To defeat a facially sufficient CPLR 3215 motion, a defendant must show either that there was no default, or that it has a reasonable excuse for its delay and a potentially meritorious defense.

Case:  Vidal v. 452 Wyckoff Corp., NY Slip Op 06583 (2d Dept. 2015)

Here is the decision.

Tomorrow's issue:  Leave to extend the time to serve process.

A golf-cart injury and assumption of risk.

Practice point:  The Appellate Division reversed the motion court and dismissed the complaint in this action arising from plaintiff's injury when she was thrown from a golf-car in which she was a passenger.  The Appellate Division found that plaintiff knowingly and voluntarily rode in the cart during a golf tournament in which plaintiff was assigned to monitor a par-three hole for any player who got a hole-in-one. While plaintiff contends that she did not know that the operator was an unlicensed driver, she knew that he was a minor yet made no attempt to determine whether he had a license or whether he should be operating a golf cart.

The Appellate Division stated that the fact that plaintiff was not actively performing her duties of monitoring the hole at the time of her injury does not render the doctrine inapplicable, as it applies to any facet of the activity inherent in it. The salient point is that the accident involved a sporting or recreational activity that occurred in a designated athletic or recreational venue.

Student note:  A plaintiff who voluntarily participates in a sporting or recreational event generally is held to have consented to those commonly-appreciated risks that are inherent in, and arise out of, participation in the sport.  It is not necessary to the application of assumption of risk that the injured plaintiff have foreseen the exact manner in which the injury occurred, so long as the plaintiff is aware of the potential for injury of the mechanism from which the injury results. Note that a nonparticipant may also be subject to a defense based on the doctrine of assumed risk.

Case:  Valverde v. Great Expectations, LLC, NY Slip Op 06561 (1st Dept. 2015)

Here is the decision.

Tomorrow's issue:  CPLR 3215 and a motion for a default judgment.

A motion for summary judgment in lieu of complaint.

Practice point:  The Appellate Division determined that the Supreme Court properly granted the plaintiff's motion for summary judgment in lieu of complaint. The plaintiff made a prima facie showing of its entitlement to summary judgment pursuant to CPLR 3213 by submitting the two subject contracts, each of which contained the defendant's unconditional promise to pay a sum certain, and evidence demonstrating the defendant's failure to make the payments called for by their terms.  The Appellate Division found that, contrary to the defendant's contention, in opposition to the plaintiff's motion, he failed to raise a triable issue of fact as to any circumstances that would alter his unconditional obligation to pay the amounts due.

Student note:  Pursuant to CPLR 3213, a party may commence an action by motion for summary judgment in lieu of complaint when the action is based upon an instrument for the payment of money only or upon any judgment.  An instrument is considered to be for the payment of money only if it contains an unconditional promise to pay a sum certain over a stated period of time.  A document comes within the ambit of CPLR 3213 if a prima facie case would be made out by the instrument and a failure to make the payments called for by its terms.  However, the instrument does not qualify if outside proof is needed, other than simple proof of nonpayment or a similar de minimis deviation from the face of the document.  While a defendant can defeat the motion by offering evidentiary proof sufficient to raise a triable issue of fact, averments merely stating conclusions, of fact or of law, are insufficient.

Case:  Sisters of Holy Child Jesus at Old Westbury, Inc. v. Pallotta, NY Slip Op 06504(2d Dept. 2015)

Here is the decision.

Tomorrow's issue:  A golf-cart injury and assumption of risk.

Dismissal of a legal malpractice claim.

Practice point:  The Appellate Division affirmed dismissal, finding that the defendants established their prima facie entitlement to judgment as a matter of law by demonstrating that they did not fail to exercise the ordinary reasonable skill and knowledge commonly possessed by a member of the legal profession.  The defendants' evidentiary submissions demonstrated that the notice of claim and the pleadings prepared by them in the underlying personal injury action adequately set forth the theory of negligence allegedly omitted, and that the settlement of the underlying action was not effectively compelled by any mistakes on their part.  In opposition, the plaintiffs' submissions, including an expert's conclusory affirmation, failed to raise a triable issue of fact. The plaintiffs' reliance upon the same evidence in support of their cross motion for summary judgment on the issue of liability was similarly insufficient to establish a prima facie case of legal malpractice.

Student note:  In an action to recover damages for legal malpractice, a plaintiff must demonstrate that the attorney failed to exercise the ordinary reasonable skill and knowledge commonly possessed by a member of the legal profession' and that the attorney's breach of this duty proximately caused plaintiff to sustain actual and ascertainable damages. The claim may remain viable, despite settlement of the underlying action, if the settlement was effectively compelled by counsel's mistakes.

To succeed on a motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint in a legal malpractice action, the defendant must present evidence in admissible form establishing that the plaintiff is unable to prove at least one essential element of the cause of action.

Case:  Feldman v. Finkelstein & Partners, LLP, NY Slip Op 06491 (2d Dept. 2015)

Here is the decision.

Tomorrow's issue:  A motion for summary judgment in lieu of complaint.

Plaintiff's motion for summary judgment on the issue of liability.

Practice point:  To prevail on the motion, a plaintiff is required to submit evidence in admissible form establishing, prima facie, that the defendant was negligent and that the plaintiff was free from comparative fault.  Here, plaintiff submitted his attorney's affirmation, a copy of the pleadings, and his own affidavit, which consisted of a conclusory one-paragraph description of the accident. The Appellate Division affirmed the Supreme Court's finding that plaintiff did not establish his prima facie entitlement to judgment as a matter of law, as his affidavit did not sufficiently demonstrate how the accident occurred and failed to eliminate triable issues as to which party or parties were at fault.

Student note:  As plaintiff failed to meet his initial burden, the motion was denied without regard to the sufficiency of defendants' opposition papers.

Case:  Derieux v. Apollo N.Y. City Ambulette, Inc., NY Slip Op 06490 (2d Dept. 2015)

Here is the decision.

Monday's issue:  Dismissal of a legal malpractice claim.

CPLR 317 and an alleged failure to have received process.

Practice point:   The Appellate Division reversed the motion court and found that defendant, who was properly served pursuant to CPLR 308(4), failed to make the requisite showing that she did not receive the summons and complaint in time to defend the action.

Student note:  Pursuant to CPLR 317, a defendant who is served other than by personal delivery may defend the action based on the court's finding that defendant did not personally receive the summons in time and has a meritorious defense.

Case:  Citimortgage v. Financhiaro, NY Slip Op 06489 (2d Dept. 2015)

Here is the decision.

Tomorrow's issue:  Plaintiff's motion for summary judgment on the issue of liability.

A failed motion to vacate a default.

Practice point:  The Appellate Division affirmed the denial of the motion, noting that a defendant seeking to vacate a default in answering a complaint and to compel the plaintiff to accept an untimely answer as timely must show both a reasonable excuse for the default and the existence of a potentially meritorious defense. 

Here, the Appellate Division found that defendant failed to establish a reasonable excuse for the default.  The bare and unsubstantiated denial of service lacked the factual specificity and detail required to rebut the prima facie proof of proper service set forth in the affidavit of service of the plaintiff's process server.  In addition, the conclusory, undetailed, and uncorroborated allegation of law office failure did not constitute a reasonable excuse. 

Student note:  As defendant failed to demonstrate a reasonable excuse, it was unnecessary for the Appellate Division to consider whether she sufficiently demonstrated the existence of a potentially meritorious defense.

Case:  Aurora Loan Servs., LLC v. Lucero, NY Slip Op 06487 (2d Dept. 2015)

Here is the decision.

Tomorrow's issue:  CPLR 317 and an alleged failure to have received process.

Deciding whether a statement is of and concerning the plaintiff in a defamation action.

Practice point:  In a defamation action, whether a plaintiff has demonstrated that a particular statement names or so identifies him so that the statement can be said to be of and concerning that plaintiff may be decided as a matter of law and need not be determined by a jury.

The Appellate Division held that where, as here, the statement does not name the plaintiffs at all and contains nothing that would cause a reader to think defendant was referring to them, the statement is not of and concerning the plaintiffs.

Student note:  Similarly, where an allegedly defamatory statement is directed at a company, it does not implicate the company's suppliers, partners, vendors or affiliated enterprises, even if they sustain injury as a result.

Case:  Three Amigos SJL Rest., Inc. v. CBS News Inc., NY Slip Op 06409 (1st Dept. 2015)

Here is the decision.

Tomorrow's issue: A failed motion to vacate a default.